Ketorolac has similar analgesic efficacy at intravenous doses of 10, 15, and 30 mg, showing that intravenous ketorolac administered at the analgesic ceiling dose (10 mg) provided effective pain relief to ED patients with moderate to severe pain without increased adverse effects. Objective: To compare the efficacy of combination therapy with ketorolac and morphine with monotherapy with each in patients with acute renal colic. No injection: 400 mg ropivacaine 30 mg ketorolac 0.5 mg epinephrine: LIA (22 mL) Control: 21 h: 200 mg ropivacaine + 30 mg ketorolac + 0.1 mg epinephrine 21 h: saline (22 mL) Opioid consumption ↓ (0–48 h) Pain ↓ (0–27 h) 2. Therefore, our goal was to assess, via a randomized, double-blinded study, the advantage or synergistic effect of an injection cocktail of clonidine, ketorolac, ropivacaine, and/or epinephrine on early postoperative pain control and functional outcome in patients undergoing TKA. 1mg/kg IM max 30mg. Epinephrine 1 mg/mL (0.5 mL) Ketorolac 30 mg/mL (1 mL) C Ropivacaine 5 mg/mL (49.25 mL) Epinephrine 1 mg/mL (0.5 mL) Clonidine 1 mg/mL (0.08 mg to 0.8 mL) D (control) Ropivacaine 5 mg/mL (49.25 mL) Epinephrine 1 mg/mL (0.5 mL) a Ropivacaine is a long-acting local analgesic. Ketorolac, sold under the brand name Toradol among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain. Also, ketorolac is in a class of medications classified as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs . The analgesic infusion of 30 mg intravenous ketorolac or 0.1 mg/kg morphine over 3–5 min then began, from the start of which we asked patients to rate their pain intensity at rest on a 0–10 numerical rating scale, where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents the worst pain imaginable, every 10 min. Effects begin within an hour and last for up to eight hours. Drug Equivalency to 1 mg IV morphine Conversion factor Hydromorphone IV 0.15mg 6.7 Fentanyl IV 10 mCg 0.1 Oxycodone PO 2mg 0.5 Hydrocodone PO 3mg 0.3 Ketorolac IV 2.5mg 0.4 Table 1: Equianalgesic opioid conversions: Amount of drug administered to patient multiplied by the conversion factor equals the equianalgesic morphine equivalency. We included 300 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute renal colic and pain score greater than 4 on 10 … Ketorolac route, onset, peak, duration. Contraindications for Ketorolac-hypersensitive drug & NSAID-peptic ulcer-history of GI bleed-adv renal impairment-cerebral vascular bleed-prior to major surgery -labor and delivery-concurrent with other NSAIDs. Recommended duration of treatment is less than six days. Patients were assessed for emergence agitation using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Ketorolac is a member of a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used for treating inflammation and pain.Other drugs in this class include ibuprofen and naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve), but ketorolac is more effective than other NSAIDs in reducing pain from both inflammatory and non-inflammatory causes. Group 1 patients (n=20) received postoperative injection of 60 mg intra-articular ketorolac, group 2 patients (n=20) 10 cc intra-articular bupivacaine 0.25%, group 3 patients (n=20) 1 mg intra-articular morphine diluted in 10 cc saline, and group 4 patients (n=20, controls) only 10 cc saline. Methods: This triple-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted during a 6-month period from March to September 2014 in Northern Iran. Fifty-one percent of these patients also received a single injection of propofol 1 mg/kg and ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg at the end of the procedure. Specifically it is recommended for moderate to severe pain. Ketorolac for migraines is typically very effective in relieving pain, nausea, and light sensitivity. It is used by mouth, by nose, by injection into a vein or muscle, and as eye drops. IM Dosing: One dose of 1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg. IV Dosing: One dose of 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg. Multiple-Dose Treatment (IV or IM)-Patients <65 years of age: The recommended dose is 30 mg Ketorolac injection every 6 hours. Precautions for Ketorolac-impaired renal or hepatic. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. In addition, ketorolac for migraines is prescribed for oral use, in tablet form, and as an injection.

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